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A) A mat of insulating material that will also help with soundproofing the area below the fire pit
B) A layer of sand or stone under the mat
C) Placing plant pots around the perimeter of the mat for more insulation
The first thing you need to do is understand what could cause your deck to catch fire. You need to be aware of anything that could create a spark because if the wood gets burned, it releases toxic fumes.
You will probably want to find a way to enclose the fire pit so that the heat doesn't escape. The heat shield should be made from a non-flammable material and it should also have air vents for air circulation.
You can purchase a fire pit pad designed to protect deck surfaces from temperatures as high as 1,400ยบ F. Or create your own fire pit pad using metal, pavers, or bricks over a wooden deck. Another option is to build a pad by covering a cement fiberboard with tile.
Fire Pit Mat Round - Fireproof Mat Fire Pit Pad for Patio Wood Deck
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